Diet in Britain and Australia. Welcome to the G. I. Diet Website. Diet (Glycemic Index) is the truly simple, healthy way to lose weight without going hungry. This is how you will eat for the rest of your life. For a brief overview of the G. I. Diet and how the Glycemic Index works see About the G. I. Diet. This website provides a detailed guide to the G. I. Diet and what leading health authorities are saying about it. It also offers you an opportunity to submit any of your experiences with the G. I. Diet and any tips or suggestions that others might benefit from. These might be published on this website, using only first names to protect your privacy. Although we cannot reply individually to your correspondence, I will publish as many of your responses as possible in the Readers' Experiences section. If you have any questions first check the Questions and Answers section which features those most frequently asked. There will always be a good reason to keep visiting this website. If you have already bought the books, I hope you are putting them into practice. Quick easy recipes for low carb and low GI diets, Atkins Diet, Charles Clark, Coconut Diet, low carb recipe software, Atkins induction recipes.If not, then check out the site and then find where the books may be purchased on- line or direct from most book retailers. New Books. The G. I. Diet Clinic is a 1. G. I. Diet even easier. The Clinic is based on an actual E- Clinic which Rick undertook with volunteers with substantial weight problems.
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine, or occasionally the lower esophagus. An ulcer in the stomach. Every single one of the participants who completed the program lost a significant amount of weight, averaging a remarkable 2. As a reader of the G. I. Diet, you may find this book an ideal way to reinvigorate your weight loss program or introduce a family member or friend to the green- light lifestyle. You may also be interested in an E- Clinic extension of the book which is being made available to both readers of the G. I. Diet Clinic as well as readers of other books in the G. I. Diet series. This E- Clinic extension offers nine monthly letters covering such important issues as: maintaining motivation; dealing with temptation; how to accelerate your weight loss; anxiety and fear of failure. It also offers an exclusive members only website. For complete details see www. Available in most bookstores and Amazon. Enjoy the site! Regards, Rick.
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Best BCAA by BPI Sports at Bodybuilding. What Is The Best BCAA? BEST BCAA is an amino acid supplement that utilizes Oligopeptide- Enzymatic Technology. This is a bonded chain of 3 key amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine which may act as a better transport vehicle for faster absorption. For you, this means a faster & more efficient recovery. The Xtreme Fat Loss Diet plan was created by 3 guys who claim to know how to use nutrition and exercise to achieve maximum fat loss. Do we believe them? BCAA Supplements – 5 Ways They’ll Help You Burn Off Belly Fat. BEST BCAA supports the decrease of protein catabolism, or breakdown of protein, for preserving lean muscle mass.*Why Is Best BCAA Better? The branched chain amino acids found in BEST BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) cannot be produced naturally in the body – therefore we have to supplement with them in order to enhance protein synthesis and increase muscle growth over time. 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H Alkaline Diet - Hippocrates Food - Bragg's ACV - Salad Dressing Recipe. Raw Apple Cider Vinegar (or ACV for short) is one of those amazing healing foods that has lived up to its health benefits for almost 2,0. I always say, look at the . I’d say a 2,0. 00 year success rate is pretty good, don’t you think?! Raw Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is a Raw Food! First of all raw ACV should be raw and that means unpasteurized. It should say on the label . It’s the fermented or raw ACV that is so good for you so be sure to buy the right one. My favorite brand is the Bragg’s Raw Apple Cider Vinegar. Raw ACV is the only vinegar that is alkaline- forming to the body. All other vinegars (white, balsamic, red wine, etc) are acid- forming. For a health balanced p. H, raw apple cider vinegar is one of the best things to add to your diet. To understand more about acid and alkaline p. H, read this article: . It is made from fresh, crushed apples which are then allowed to mature naturally in wooden barrels, as wood tends to “boost” the natural fermentation. Research worldwide supports and commends what Hippocrates (the father of medicine) found and treated his patients with in 4. B. C. He discovered that natural, undistilled Apple Cider Vinegar (or ACV)* is a powerful cleansing and healing elixir – a naturally occurring antibiotic and antiseptic that fights germs, bacteria, mold and viruses – for a healthier, stronger, longer life! Label reads . Many people link potassium deficiency to dark circles under the eyes, early senility, chronic fatigue, high blood pressure, arterial and heart problems, arthritis, kidney stones, irritable bowel syndrome and Crohn’s disease. Signs of potassium deficiency include fatigue, achy bones and muscles, tired eyes, itchy eyes, dry scalp and brittle hair and lack of mental alertness. Paul Bragg says, “But the truth is . If you don’t get required amount of potassium daily, you soon acquire an old- age look and feel. This premature ageing is usually due to potassium deficiency and unhealthy living!”Can you see how a healthy diet is really the key to feeling better? With the standard diet of devitalized foods that clog the small intestine and ferment, leaving backup and buildup, most people have a much lower absorption rate than normal. The reason why raw apple cider vinegar is a good source of potassium is because, in liquid form, it is almost instantly and fully absorbed. Available Online, Click Here. You can even gargle with raw ACV (1tsp. It is also good for insect stings, bites, ear infections, acne, viruses, yeast (candida) and fungus problems. You can apply a watered- down solution directly to the infected area and also drink 2 Tbsp. Hold in mouth for a minute before swallowing. This helps digestion to start in the mouth. 2 Day Coconut Detox Cleanse How To Reduce Belly Fat By Taking Vinegar 2 Day Coconut Detox Cleanse How To Lose Weight In A Month For Teens dr oz 10 day detox diet. Woman loses over 30 pounds with raw fruit and vegetable diet. Saturday, February 08, 2014 by: Antonia Tags: raw food diet, detox diet, weight loss. The 21 Day Detox Program / Workshop. The 21 Day Detox is a safe and guided detoxification program designed to cleanse, rejuvenate and lose weight.
On a daily basis, try to have at least 2 Tbsp. You can mix 2 Tbsp. ACV, 2 Tbsp. It’s offered at a discounted price. Today, she shares her expertise worldwide, offering lectures, workshops, training and one- on- one consultations at various health and detox retreat centers. She provides Iridology Readings & Health Coaching via Skype and Phone to clients and continues to educate, motivate and inspire others on their journey of healing. When she’s not working, you’ll find her hiking in the mountains, power- walking along the sea or globe- trotting to a new and exotic health destination. The 1. 0- Day Detox Diet Jump Start Guide. Your Video is Loading. What if I told you that you could change your life in JUST 1. Days? That I could teach you how to reset your metabolism, break free from your cravings, and lose weight? You’d probably be skeptical — most people, including doctors, don’t think you can create radical health transformation in a few days, but I do. And that’s because I see it every day and have seen it for the past 2. LEARN MORE: Try These Detox Smoothies. And that’s exactly why I created the 1. Day Detox Diet — I wanted to teach you how easy, fast, and delicious it can be to lose weight and create health. Just follow this proven program, and in 1. How is that possible? Because what makes you sick can make you fat, and what makes you fat can make you sick. It’s all connected. You know when your computer freezes up? What do you do? Well, the 1. Day Detox can do the same thing for your metabolism — by following my diet and lifestyle practices, we can reset your metabolism to factory settings. You can lose weight without going hungry, and possibly even clear up a whole list of health symptoms. And all it takes is 1. Let’s get started! Step One: Take Measure of Yourself. Take the following measurements the day before you start and when you finish the program and record them in a Detox Journal (use a notebook, buy a beautiful journal or record on your computer): Your weight. Weigh yourself first thing in the morning without clothes and after going to the bathroom. Your waist size. Using a tape measure, find the widest point around your belly button, not where your belt is. Take the Toxicity Quiz. This tells you if you have FLC Syndrome (where you “Feel Like Crap”). If you do the quiz before starting and then again after completion of the plan, you should see a difference. Take the quiz now. Step Two: Out With the Bad. To start your detox, get rid of all the junky food lurking in your cabinets and fridge. Anything containing the following toxic ingredients should be tossed or set aside because you wont be eating anything processed over the next 1. Toss everything or keep out of sight: Anything that is not real food (e. Mark Hyman Speaks With Dr. Oz About the 1. 0- Day Detox Step Three: In With The Good. For 1. 0 wonderful days you are going to flood your body with the nutrients it depends on to feel and look its best! Get the meal plan one- sheet here. Step Four: Add Simple Lifestyle Practices (for best results)Sleep 7- 8 hours a night. Do deep breathing for five minutes a day. Drink 8- 1. 0 glasses of water a day. Do 1. 5 minutes of journaling daily (use the questions from the book for each day)Walk or do another physical activity for at least 3. Take fiber before every meal to cut cravings and help balance blood sugar. Take a good multivitamin, 2. U of vitamin D3, and 2 grams of fish oil a day. Take the Ultra. Detox Bath: 2 cups of Epsom salt, 1/2 cup baking soda, and 1. Read more about the 1. Day Detox Diet: Meal Plan One- Sheet. Day Detox Diet Breakfast Shake. Trying to lose weight? Instead of thinking about what you shouldn't eat, focus on the delicious foods that will help keep you satisfied. Cucumbers. Although cucumbers offer only modest nutritional benefits (a bit of vitamin C, A, and some fibre), this delicately flavoured member of the gourd family goes a long way in bulking up a salad, and making you feel nice and full for few calories. Or if you're in the mood for a crunchy snack, slice them up with the skin on, instead of reaching for potato chips or crackers. Grapefruit. Grapefruit is a delicious and nutritious sweet- tart snack, breakfast side or salad topping. But researchers have also discovered that eating grapefruit or grapefruit juice daily can aid in weight loss, possibly due to a reduction in insulin levels. Lentils. Packed with fibre, folate and magnesium, this versatile fat- free legume can be a fabulous supporting player of a slimming healthy eating regimen. There are certain foods you can eat to help you lose weight. That is because these foods help you feel. 10 protein foods for weight loss. How to lose weight quickly (and safely) More Fun Stuff. Free Newsletter. Lentils, prepared any number of ways, will have you feeling as if you've eaten a meaty, even creamy, dish minus the calories and saturated fat that come with eating meat. Oats. Oats and oatmeal are high in fibre, which helps you feel full – and satisfied – longer. Plus consumption of whole grains has been shown to aid in weight loss. For the best benefits, fill up on oatmeal for breakfast – try steel- cut oats if you've got the time, or instant oatmeal if you prefer to eat at work (just try to pick the sugar- free kinds and add your own sweeteners). Foods with shells. If you’re a compulsive snacker with a yen for salt, foods with their natural shells on can help you slow down and savour what you're eating while curbing the craving. For instance, unsalted pistachio nuts, walnuts in the shell, peanuts, and edamame in the pod can help you curb your cravings for saltier, unhealthier junk food. Click to this link. Top 10 Low Carb Weight Loss Foods 10 Foods To Lose 10 Kg WEIGHT LOSS. Eating right might not be enough to lose weight. Quantity and quality of food will make a huge difference in your overall health. 10 foods to help you lose weight. There are a few food stuffs you can add to your diet which can help with and potentially speed up weight loss. Diet food 10: Quinoa. What Foods To Eat To Lose WeightPlus, you're not as likely to overeat if you have to work for your reward. Apples. Plentiful and versatile, apples can help you satisfy sugar cravings for less calories. Whether eaten fresh as a mid- afternoon snack in the office or baked for dessert, these nutritional powerhouses will help fill you up and keep you slim. Eggs. With an average 7. Hard- boiled eggs are highly portable for a post- gym snack; poached eggs can be a delicious, filling breakfast. Almonds. All nuts are healthy and loaded with good fats and other nutrients, but almonds are the one to go for when you're trying to lose weight. They're lower in calories than many of their cousins (that means you, macadamias) and the protein and fat content will help keep cravings at bay. Dark chocolate. While not low in calories nor in fat, dark chocolate still has two major things going for it. First, it's very hard to eat large quantities of real, high- quality dark chocolate as compared to its milky sibling; and second, it's very high in health- promoting antioxidants. It's no diet food, but eating a few small squares to squelch a potentially much larger scarfing of, say, a piece of chocolate cake with icing, is well worth the modest calorie intake. Vegetable soups. One of the biggest trends in weight loss research is the concept of calorie density – the idea is that your body pays more attention to the amount of space your food takes up in your stomach than it does to the amount of calories you're consuming. So by eating lots of foods with a low calorie density, you'll be satisfying your hunger for less. Vegetable soups (and we're not talking cream of broccoli) are one great option – serve them as a starter or a light meal and just watch how quickly you feel full. Meals That Help You Lose WeightTop 1. 0 Foods to Eat When Losing Weight. To lose weight, you must consume fewer calories than you burn. The most productive and healthful way to do this is by substituting low- calorie foods for high- calorie foods. Ideal low- calorie foods are low in saturated fat and sugar. You caloric consumption is critical to achieving your weight- loss goals. Saut. Two cups of spinach is only 1. An egg white omelette with grapes. Photo Credit Scott Karcich/i. Stock/Getty Images. Egg whites are another low- calorie food that can support your weight loss goals. Egg whites are a high quality source of protein without any carbohydrates or saturated fat that can help you maintain lean mass while shedding pounds. Tuna is a fish that is especially low in fat and calories. According to the American Council on Exercise, a can of tuna is just 1. American Heart Association's recommendation to eat two servings of fish a week. Grilled chicken with vegetables. Photo Credit beti gorse/i. Stock/Getty Images. Skinless chicken is a low- calorie source of protein that can help you lose weight. Replacing red meat or other high- calorie protein sources with skinless chicken breast will help you remove calories from your diet. A slice of whole grain bread. Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Photos. Getty Images. Whole grains are a healthful and nutritious source of . Many people abstain from eating carbohydrates when they are trying to lose weight. This can lead to fatigue and malnutrition. Rather than eliminating carbohydrates from your diet, you should eat carbohydrates such as whole grains that do not have processed and refined sugars. Even if your are trying to lose weight, your diet still requires sources of dietary fat. You want to eat healthful unsaturated fats and not unhealthful trans fats or saturated fats. Olive oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil and safflower oil all make good healthful replacements for butter and margarine that will sabotage your weight- loss efforts. A close- up of fresh blueberries. Photo Credit Monkey Business Images/Monkey Business/Getty Images. Fruit is a good food to support your weight- loss efforts because it is low in calories and high in fiber and can satisfy your taste buds if you have a . Avocado is the one exception; it is a source of healthful fats. Vegetables for sale at a market. Photo Credit Dereje Belachew/i. Stock/Getty Images. The Harvard School of Public Health recommends all vegetables to help you lose and manage your weight, especially dark- green leafy vegetables. Broccoli, squash, bok choy, carrots, green beans and bell peppers can all support your weight- loss efforts. Vegetables are a good source of fiber that can satisfy your appetite and control your blood glucose levels. A close- up of red kidney beans. Photo Credit George Doyle/Stockbyte/Getty Images. Beans are among the . White beans, kidney beans, pinto beans and black beans are all high in fiber and protein. Just make sure you are not buying and eating beans that are coated in high amounts of sugar and syrup. A woman drink s a glass of water. Photo Credit Creatas Images/Creatas/Getty Images. Water should be your first choice of beverage when you are losing weight. Most adults require at least eight 8- ounce glasses of water each day. This is especially important if you are exercising. Water is essential to boost your metabolism, according to Penn State University. Zone Food Blocks . Once you become accustomed to the size of your favorites in terms of Zone Food Blocks, making Zone meals is easy. One Zone Block of protein contains 7 grams of protein, one Zone Block of carbohydrate contains 9 grams of insulin- stimulating carbohydrates (total carbohydrates minus fiber) and one Zone Block of fat contains 1. Animal protein always contains some fat. Thus your best choices of animal protein will be those that are low fat. This is why each fat block listed below is based on 1. If you are using a protein source that is fat- free, you can double your fat blocks to get a total of 3 grams of fat, which is equivalent to one block of fat. Use this tool to assemble meals and snacks that fit your lifestyle. It's easy: Find out how many Zone Blocks you're allowed to consume in a day. For most women it will be about 1. Your activity level influences your Zone- Block daily allowance. Use the Body Fat Calculator to determine the exact amount of food blocks you can consume based on your activity level. Search for foods within the Zone Food Block Guide to assemble meals and snacks that align with your food block allocations. Some considerations: Food Block Type: Some foods are a mix of protein, carbohydrate and fat. We’ve eliminated the thinking and classified these foods for you. Protein and fat choices rich in monounsaturated fats and low in saturated fats and arachidonic acid are considered Best. I was lying in my hospital bed anxiously waiting for another unwanted heart catheterization. I was questioning how this could be happening to me again. After all, I was only 4. I was in pretty good shape. I didn’t smoke. I ate pretty well. Folic acid (folate) is a type of B vitamin that's key for cell growth, metabolism, and for pregnant women. WebMD tells you how to get enough folate in your diet and. Food Blocks for the Zone Diet Food Block Guide All Favorables. Most women should choose 3 selections of protein, carbohydrates and fats for each meal. Bad luck, bad genes, what was causing me to need a fifth heart procedure? It was easy to start feeling sorry for myself. Then I thought about the book that I just finished reading for the second time since my last heart procedure that was sadly and inexplicably preformed just five months prior. It inspired me to pick up my i. Pad and search for the book’s author Dr. Esselstyn. Esselstyn's 'heart attack proof' diet. Within seconds I was watching a CNN video on You. Tube with Wolf Blitzer interviewing President Bill Clinton, Dr. Esselstyn and Dr. Gallstones can block your bile duct and cause abdominal pain. Learn how to recognize the symptoms and what the treatment options are.An organized classy chore chart is headed your way. Can you even imagine what this chore chart for multiple children is made out of??? Weight loss is one of the most popular uses for herbs and also the most misused and misunderstood Learn the facts. Dean Ornish on how one might prevent and even reverse heart disease through diet and exercise. Motivated to go further, I then found Dr. Esselstyn’s office number on the internet and called without having any reasonable expectation that he could be reached. Will you have a heart attack? These tests can tell.
To my surprise, his assistant Jackie answered the phone and told me that she would have Dr. Esselstyn return my call as soon as possible. As I hung up the phone, I had to scratch my head and question whether a famous doctor and author in Cleveland who I had just watched on CNN, who didn’t know me from Adam, would return my call as I lay there helplessly in my hospital bed. To my surprise he did. I had been rolled into the waiting/recovery room for the catheterization lab when my cell phone rang, that I am pretty sure I was not supposed to be using in the hospital, with Dr. Esselstyn calling. He caringly asked about my health history, blood work results and current symptoms that had led me back to the hospital again that day. Sadly, he admitted that there was only so much he could do as I was literally minutes from being rolled into the next room to have the catheterization performed, but he did promise that he was convinced there was a way that I could prevent this hospital visit from ever happening again and that I would be hearing from him soon. Moments later, my heart catheterization had begun and three hours later I was back in my hospital room in tears realizing that I just had three more stents placed around my heart. In the nine years that preceded that day, I had progressively lost hope. After my first of eight stents were placed at the age of 3. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease. It is safe to say that my confidence quickly turned to confusion. I remember stating, “If eating tree bark and water would keep me out of the hospital, then that is what I would do. I switched to a doctor that was part of the MDVIP program (focusing on preventive, personalized health care) that had a nutritionist on staff. During my visit with the nutritionist, she recommended strongly that I read Dr. Esselstyn’s book . However, I did not follow what was recommended in the book to the letter. I found myself back in the hospital again that November. Since that day in the hospital, I have not allowed any professional’s opinion or excuse to deter me from implementing what Dr. Esselstyn recommends. I attended his one day program at the Cleveland Clinic in December. My diet has consisted exclusively of fruits, vegetables, grains and beans with no added oils, nuts, seeds or avocado. What your cholesterol numbers really mean. I have lost 4. 8 pounds. My blood work has gone from total cholesterol of 2. LDL of 9. 3, HDL of 4. June to most recent results of total cholesterol of 8. LDL of 1. 9, HDL of 5. That transformation is nothing short of amazing. My next challenge is where to go next with my heart medications, which would seem to be unnecessary based on the miraculous change in my blood work. I don’t blame my doctors, my cardiologists or nutritionists over the years. I believe they had my best interest at heart. I do believe, however, that the world deserves better advice on how to live a long and happy life, free of heart and other diseases. I know there are no guarantees in life, but I am convinced beyond belief that I am on the right track. If I can do it, I know that anyone else can. They just need to be given a chance by being pointed in the right direction. Hopefully those hearing about my life experiences will help them avoid taking nine years to figure it out as it did with me. In this Article. What are weight loss drugs and how do they work? Who is a good candidate for weight loss drugs? What are the different types of weight loss drugs? Receive Important Village News and Alerts Immediately. Sign up now to receive Village of Suffern emergency and weather alerts, news, and other important information. Detoxes are popular, but does your body really need help cleansing itself? Find out how detox diets work and what the science says. Weight Management Just like the human epidemic, almost 50% of the pet population is overweight. Even a little extra weight can impact the pet's quality of life and. This Year's Best Diet Pills For Women. Anoretix has been expert’s and consumer’s highest rated diet pill for women for 3 years in a row! As the most proven diet pill on the market, Anoretix’s scientifically advanced, patented and clinically proven fat burning ingredients are the best combination of ingredients we’ve ever seen to help you get rid of your unsightly fat. Anoretix has been outperforming other diet pills in almost every category! 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Tenuate is a form of prescription weight loss medication that is sold under a brand name, though it is also available in the generic form, diethylpropion. This chemical is a part of a drug category that is known as sympathomimetic amines. They function by stimulating the central nervous system, which is comprised of the nerves within the brain and the rest of the body. Sympathomimetic amines such as Tenuate have a chemical similarity to amhpetamines, which are anorectic (also called anorexigenic) drugs. Their stimulation of the central nervous system leads the blood pressure and heart rate to rise so that the user of the medication will experience appetite suppression and won’t feel as hungry as he or she diets, even when eating smaller amounts of food. How Can You Buy Tenuate Legally? Tenuate is only legally available in the United States when it has been prescribed by a licensed doctor. It can only be prescribed to patients who are suffering from obesity and whose extra weight is putting them at an increased risk of health concerns such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol. By losing the weight through the help of this medication, it is hoped that the risk of those conditions will also be decreased. How to Take Tenuate. Tenuate is designed to be used over a short period of time to allow its users to develop the right healthy lifestyle habits to lose the weight. As it provides an energy boost and appetite suppression, it makes it easier for dieters to eat less and exercise more. That understood, its use on its own will not cause the patient to lose weight. Moreover, it cannot be used for more than a few weeks at a time without a break, as the body will become tolerant to its effects, and dependency may also occur. Should it be used for any longer than a few weeks, a doctor should be consulted to learn how to gradually reduce the drug so that withdrawal symptoms can be kept to a minimum. It’s important to note that Tenuate can be very effective, but is not appropriate for every person who is trying to lose weight. For one thing, the patient must have a body mass index (BMI) of at least 3. However, it should not be used by anyone who has high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, glaucoma, hardened arteries, or anyone who is currently taking, MAO inhibitors, who has taken them within the last 1. Tenuate is being used. Gun Review: Ruger 1. Takedown. There’s little doubt that Ruger’s timeless 1. A rugged and reliable design that lets shooters accurately put round after round of cheap . But while the 1. 0/2. It was the same old rifle, albeit with some different window dressing for different models. There really hadn’t been any updates to the mechanism. The design of the 1. Call me crazy, but my disassembly procedure for cleaning a gun usually stops when something needs to be drifted out with a hammer and punch. I’ll usually just squirt some CLP in the action and call it a day. Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly.com.The franc also commonly distinguished as the French franc (FF), was a currency of France. Between 13, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and. Suspension 101: Basic Designs We covered some basic concepts and definitions in our first Suspension 101 article, so you should now know the difference between a full. Do you ever feel not so fresh, down there? Or do you worry about your flappy ol’ ham sandwich being a little too slack? After all, as thousands of years of. Free 2-day shipping. Buy Intex Twin 8.75" Classic Downy Inflatable Airbed Mattress at Walmart.com. Watch breaking news videos, viral videos and original video clips on CNN.com. The CSIRO decided to leave out some information about the state of our climate in their State of the Climate Report CSIRO. CSIRO published these “Fast Facts” in. The article you have been looking for has expired and is not longer available on our system. This is due to newswire licensing terms. Second, while the gun had the minimum required 1. One of my friends back in Virginia was looking to buy her first gun, but she needed it to fit in the storage space of a soft top Jeep Wrangler. Anyone who knows that car knows that the storage compartment is big enough for a sandwich, a European- sized can of Coke and not much more. The standard 1. 0/2. That’s where the 1. Takedown comes in. We first saw this at last year’s NRA show and after many months of waiting, the rifle finally showed up at my FFL. When it finally arrived, my gun store gal couldn’t believe her eyes. She had never seen one before and damn near entered the thing into her book as a “pistol” before she realized what she had. The 1. 0/2. 2 Takedown is designed for those who simply don’t have the space for a full size rifle. For example, maybe you live in one of those capsule hotels. Or you ride a motorcycle and don’t want to roll down the street with a full sized rifle bag conspicuously strapped to your back. The barrel is the longest part of this rifle, clocking in at 1. That means you can stuff it into almost any backpack and head to the range with your neighbors being none the wiser. Forget having to hide your heater in a guitar case, if you have a Takedown, a violin case will more than do the trick. One side effect of having a smaller overall size is that it also becomes a very viable option as a survival firearm. Simply throw it in the trunk of your car and forget about it. Or dump it in one of the millions of compartments of your Cessna 1. SAR gets to you. The only thing that really compares is the Henry AR- 7, which was specifically designed for survival situations. That single- minded focus on survival, though, keeps the AR- 7 off my list of guns that are fun to shoot. So where the AR- 7 would be a sole- purpose rifle that I’d never take to the range, the 1. Takedown fills both roles quite nicely. The whole idea was to make something that didn’t scream “GUN!” when you walked out of your front door. And to that end the Takedown’s design is perfect. However, the carrying case that comes with the gun is a little less discrete. Yes, nothing says “move along, nothing to see here” more than a black bag with MOLLE straps and a big, attention- grabbing red logo from one of the most popular firearms companies on Earth. Not really all that well thought out, eh? But while the exterior might not be as subtle as I’d like, the interior is perfectly designed. The pockets on the front are designed to make your range trip that much more enjoyable, and even come with some suggestions. There’s a full- size cardboard cutout of a Ruger SR- 2. And you’ll find some similarly full- size cardboard cutouts of extended 1. There are even specifically designed pouches in there to keep the magazines from bashing against each other. On the inside there’s room for the receiver in the left hand pocket and room for two barrels on the right, each with their own sleeve and velcro flaps to keep them in place. It’s cleanly designed, and the bag’s great for grabbing and heading out to the range. The rumor is that additional barrels will be made available shortly. The 1. 0/2. 2 Takedown is available right now in either the standard version or with a threaded barrel. And it’s hard not to think that extra pocket in the bag means Ruger will be offering more barrels as a standalone upgrade to the stock rifle. The ability to have a new barrel shipped straight to your door with no FFL required is very appealing. That’ll mean your 1. That right there might be reason enough to buy a 1. Takedown. If you ever want a different barrel profile, or just a different barrel, you simply pull off your current barrel and slap a new one in. And the process, as we saw at NRA, is surprisingly simple. The ability to remove the barrel makes the Takedown a whole hell of a lot easier to clean than the traditional 1. The ability to access the chamber and shove cleaning rods down the barrel without fear of getting more crap in the receiver makes cleaning a breeze. And while the bolt still isn’t exactly easy to clean, it’s easier without the barrel in place. Enough about the features, let’s talk about how the thing actually functions on the range. In terms of accuracy and performance, its par for the course for a 1. The trigger is a tad squishy and not exactly “crisp.” Accuracy (even with match grade ammo) is just about quarter- sized at 5. But the real party trick comes when removing and re- seating the gun. The more astute of you may have noticed that the scope mount is on the receiver, which separates from the barrel for storage. Normally this would screw up your zero and wreak havoc with accuracy. But thanks to Ruger’s ingenuity there’s an adjustable ring that keeps the connection between the receiver and the barrel nice and tight no matter how often you take it apart. With that wobble- free connection, the worst change I saw after disassembling and reassembling the rifle was a difference of about an inch at 5. In short, what we have here is a brilliant improvement on the classic 1. They didn’t just slap a new barrel on it or change the color, they actually taught an old dog new tricks. And they did it brilliantly. While I could sit here and pontificate on how great this thing is until the cows come home, the best endorsement is this: when I was finished testing it, I sent a check back to Ruger instead of the rifle. There’s no way this thing is leaving my collection — to me, it’s just too perfect a training tool for new shooters. Specifications: Caliber: . Long Rifle. Barrel: 1. Nothing spectacular, but no one expects Anschutz- level craftsmanship here. Ergonomics (Handling): * * * *One star lost because I still don’t like that bolt hold- open mechanism. Otherwise, pretty darn good. Ergonomics (Firing): * * * *The trigger is a little squishy, just like all the other 1. Reliability: * * * * *Never had a problem. And thanks to the ability to break the thing apart, it will be even easier to clean! Customization: * * * * *Not only does the rifle come with a scope rail, the rumor is that additional barrels will be available soon, too. That’s some pretty serious customization ability right there. Overall Rating: * * * * *This is one of those situations where the whole really is greater than the sum of its parts. A superb rifle for new shooters or those looking for a survival rifle. Bicycle wheel - Wikipedia. Bicycle wheel with wooden rim. A Shimano Dura- Ace freehub style hub. A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle. A pair is often called a wheelset, especially in the context of ready built . A typical modern wheel has a metal hub, wire tension spokes and a metal or carbon fiber rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire. A hub is the center part of a bicycle wheel. It consists of an axle, bearings and a hub shell. The hub shell typically has two machined metal flanges to which spokes can be attached. Hub shells can be one- piece with press- in cartridge or free bearings or, in the case of older designs, the flanges may be affixed to a separate hub shell. The axle is attached to dropouts on the fork or the frame. The axle can attach using a: Quick release - a lever and skewer that pass through a hollow axle designed to allow for installation and removal of the wheel without any tools (found on most modern road bikes and some mountain bikes). Nut - the axle is threaded and protrudes past the sides of the fork/frame. Some axles have integrated cam levers that compress axle elements against the fork leg to lock it in place, while others rely on pinch bolts on the fork leg to secure it. Diameters for front thru axles include 2. Rear axles typically have diameters of 1. Most thru axles are found on mountain bikes, although some cyclocross and road bikes are using them. Thru axles repeatable locate the wheel in the fork or frame, which is important to prevent misalignment of brake rotors when using disc brakes. Unlike other axle systems (except Lefty), the thru axle is specific to the fork or frame, not the hub. Hubs/wheels do not include axles, and the axle is generally supplied with the fork or frame. Female axle - hollow center axle, typically 1. Mountain bikes have adopted a 1. Most bicycle hubs use steel or ceramic ball bearings. Some hubs use serviceable . Both surfaces are smooth to allow the bearings to roll with little friction. This type of hub can be easily disassembled for lubrication, but it must be adjusted correctly; incorrect adjustment can lead to premature wear or failure. In a . The manufacturing tolerances, as well as seal quality, can be significantly superior to loose ball bearings. The cartridge is pressed into the hub shell and the axle rests against the inner race of the cartridge. The cartridge bearing itself is generally not serviceable or adjustable; instead the entire cartridge bearing is replaced in case of wear or failure. Hub shell and flanges. The hub shell of a spoked wheel generally has two flanges extending radially outward from the axle. Each flange has holes or slots to which spokes are affixed. Some wheels (like the Full Speed Ahead RD- 8. Others (like some from Bontrager and Zipp) do not have a noticeable flange. The spokes still attach to the edge of the hub but not through visible holes. Other wheels (like those from Velomax/Easton) have a threaded hub shell that the spokes thread into. On traditionally spoked wheels, flange spacing affects the lateral stiffness of the wheel, with wider being stiffer, and flange diameter affects the torsional stiffness of the wheel and the number of spoke holes that the hub can accept, with larger diameter being stiffer and accepting more holes. The brake disc can be attached in a variety of ways using bolts or a central locking ring. Drum brakes – a drum brake has two brake shoes that expand out into the inside of the hub shell. Rear- mounted drum brakes are often used on tandems to supplement the rear rim brake and give additional stopping power. Coaster brake – coaster brakes are a particular type of drum brake which is actuated by a backward pressure applied to the pedals. The mechanism is contained inside the bicycle wheel hub shell. For information on other types of bicycle brakes see the full article on bicycle brake systems. The rear hub has one or more methods for attaching a gear to it. Freehub–- The mechanism that allows the rider to coast is built into the hub. Splines on the freehub body allow a single sprocket or, more commonly, a cassette containing several sprockets to be slid on. A lock ring then holds the cog(s) in place. This is the case for most modern bicycles. Freewheel – The mechanism that allows the rider to coast is not part of the hub, it is contained in a separate freewheel body. The hub has threads that allow the freewheel body to be screwed on, and the freewheel body has threads or splines for fitting sprockets, or in the case of most single speed freewheels an integral sprocket. This style of hub was used before the freehub became practical. Track sprocket – There is no mechanism that allows the rider to coast. There are two sets of threads on the hub shell. The threads are in opposite directions. The inner (clockwise) set of threads is for a track sprocket and the outer (counter- clockwise) set is for a reverse threaded lock ring. The reverse threads on the lock ring keep the sprocket from unscrewing from the hub, which is otherwise possible when slowing down. Flip- flop hub – Both sides of the hub are threaded, allowing the wheel to be removed and reversed in order to change which gear is used. Depending on the style of threads, may be used with either a single- speed freewheel or a track sprocket. Internal geared hub – the mechanism to provide multiple gear- ratios is contained inside the shell of the hub. Many bicycles with three- speed internally geared hubs were built in the last century. This is an extremely robust design, although much heavier than more modern designs of multi- gear- ratio arrangements. Modern hubs are available from three- speed to 1. Some wheels use both an aerodynamic carbon hoop bonded to an aluminum rim on which to mount conventional bicycle tires. Metallic bicycle rims are now normally made of aluminium alloy, although until the 1. These rims cannot be used with caliper rim brakes. The cross- section of a rim can have a wide range of geometry, each optimized for particular performance goals. Aerodynamics, mass and inertia, stiffness, durability, tubeless tire compatibility, brake compatibility, and cost are all considerations. If the part of the cross- section of the rim is hollow where the spokes attached, as in the Sprint rim pictured, it is described as box- section or double- wall to distinguish it from single- wall rims such as the Westwood rim pictured. Triple- wall rims have additional reinforcement inside the box- section. Aluminum rims are often reinforced with either single eyelets or double eyelets to distribute the stress of the spoke. A single eyelet reinforces the spoke hole much like a hollow rivet. A double eyelet is a cup that is riveted into both walls of a double- walled rim. Clincher rims. These tires have a wire or aramid (Kevlar or Twaron) fiber bead that interlocks with flanges in the rim. A separate airtight inner tube enclosed by the rim supports the tire carcass and maintains the bead lock. If the inner part of the rim where the inner tube fits has spoke holes, they must be covered by a rim tape or strip, usually rubber, cloth, or tough plastic, to protect the inner tube. An advantage of this system is that the inner tube can be easily accessed in the case of a leak to be patched or replaced. The ISO 5. 77. 5- 2 standard defines designations for bicycle rims. It distinguishes between. Straight- side (SS) rims. Crochet- type (C) rims. Hooked- bead (HB) rims. Traditional clincher rims were straight- sided. The rim provides a shallow circular outer cross section in which the tire lies instead of flanges on which tire beads seat. Tubeless. Universal System Tubeless (UST), originally developed by Mavic, Michelin and Hutchinson. Road Tubeless rims, like UST rims, have no spoke holes protruding to the air chamber of the rim. The flange of the Road Tubeless rim is similar to the hook bead of a standard clincher rim but is contoured to very close tolerances to interlock with a Road Tubeless tire, creating an airtight seal between tire and rim. This system eliminates the need for a rim strip and inner tube. Increasingly common are tubeless tires conforming to the UST (Universal System Tubeless) standard pioneered by French wheel manufacturer Mavic in conjunction with tire manufacturers Hutchinson and Michelin. In 2. 00. 6, Shimano and Hutchinson introduced a tubeless system for road bikes. Original bicycle wheels used wooden spokes that could be loaded only in compression, modern bicycle wheels almost exclusively use spokes that can only be loaded in tension. There are a few companies making wheels with spokes that are used in both compression and tension. This is normally at the rim end. The hub end normally has a 9. Double- butted spokes have reduced thickness over the center section and are lighter, more elastic, and more aerodynamic than spokes of uniform thickness. Single- butted spokes are thicker at the hub and then taper to a thinner section all the way to the threads at the rim. Otherwise, the nipple ends wear a hole in the tube causing a flat tire. In 2. 00. 7, Mavic introduced their R- Sys, a new bicycle spoke technology that allows the spokes to be loaded in both tension and compression. This technology is promised to allow for fewer spokes, lower wheel weight and inertia, increased wheel stiffness, with no loss of durability. However, in 2. 00. Mavic recalled R- Sys front wheels due to spoke failures leading to collapse of the entire wheel. Some spokes are hollow tubes. Stainless steel spokes are favored by most manufacturers and riders for their durability, stiffness, damage tolerance, and ease of maintenance. BMX bikes commonly have 3. Lowrider bicycles may have as many as 1. On the other hand, the reduced number of spokes results in a larger section of the rim being unsupported, necessitating stronger and often heavier rims. Some wheel designs also locate the spokes unequally into the rim, which requires a stiff rim hoop and correct tension of the spokes. By eating a balanced healthy diet and starting some exercise, Phentaslim will work with you to give you the energy and focus to achieve your weight loss goals. How many bottles do I need? Simple answer is depends on the amount of weight you're looking to lose. As a guideline only, if you have 3- 1. Is Phentaslim vegan/vegetarian friendly? Unfortunately not, there is a small amount of Gelatin in the capsule gel. Some of our customers break apart the capsule and sprinkle the contents onto their food. Are There Any Side Effects From Taking Phentaslim? Phentaslim is produced in a GMP certified facility you can be assured it is of the highest quality. The individual ingredients are the best you can buy and are all 1. FDA. Is it safe to order online? Yes, 1. 00% safe and 1. We use 1. 28- bit security encryption to ensure ALL your orders are securely processed. Your order is delivered using plain packaging. How much is shipping? All orders of 2 bottles or more comes with FREE SHIPPING. USA orders are a flat- rate $5, UK orders are free shipping and rest of the world 1 bottle orders cost $1. Do you offer a money- back guarantee? Every order is backed by our 6. If you are unhappy with your purchase then simply get in touch with us. The Secret Behind It All! The discovery of green tea may have occurred about 4,0. This intensely studied compound is a staple in the formulas of top fat- burning supplements - and with good reason! Let's start at the root of this green tea phenomenon. Green tea, along with black and oolong tea, comes from the tea plant Camellia sinensis. This plant is an evergreen shrub that is native to mainland South and Southeast Asia, but can now be found across the world in tropical and subtropical regions. Green, black and oolong tea may all come from the same plant, but the difference stems from the way each is prepared. Green tea, unlike black and oolong tea, is not fermented, so the active constituents are unaltered in the herb. Why All The Buzz? So now we know that green tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant, but what is actually causing all the buzz in the supplement world? There are green tea side effects and disadvantages that new drinkers should be aware of. Before you begin a tea diet, read this guide to avoid nasty surprises. Phentaslim diet pills for fast and effective fat burning, improved energy and mood! All in one diet pill. Does green tea really help acne? What about white tea? What's the best kind of green tea for acne, and what's the best way to brew it? EGCG green tea extract health benefit, side effects, effect on metabolism, cancer protection or treatment, does it work for weight loss? The polyphenols found in green tea are the answer. These incredible polyphenols are more commonly known in the scientific community as flavanols or catechins. The main catechins in green tea are epicatechin, epicatechin- 3- gallate, epigallocatechin and, the one with the highest concentration, epigallocatechin- 3- gallate or EGCG. A lot of the studies done on green tea have focused on the highly concentrated EGCG catechin, but there are also plenty of studies on catechins in general. The results of these studies are vital for every bodybuilder trying to get ripped. For example, according to a study published in an issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, green tea has been shown to activate the body's thermogenic fat- burning activity. Green Bean Fat Burning Pills Yum Tea Detox Reviews And Results Dr Oz Detox Cleanse Diet How Long Should One Detox Alcohol How Does Heroin Detox Work You must be.In this study, an optimal amount of catechins (6. You see, catechins inhibit an enzyme called catechol- O- methyltranferase, or COMT, which actually degrades the body's primary fat- burning hormone, norepinephrine. That's obviously not what you want when you're trying to get shredded. With catechins being so abundant in green tea, they really help elevate norepinephrine levels, keep them elevated and prolong thermogenesis. Translation - catechins help turn you into a fat- burning machine! It has also been shown that there is a synergistic interaction between the caffeine in green tea and the catechins (more specifically EGCG) in green tea, which revs up the body's use of calories as energy. Moreover, the combination of caffeine and EGCG found in green tea was further shown in the British Journal of Nutrition to significantly increase the resting metabolic rate. What this means for you is that with green tea extracts you can skyrocket your 2. Add that to its ability to increase norepinephrine and you begin to fully understand why green tea has become so popular for bodybuilders who want to get shredded in a hurry. Green Tea Supplements. Now we know why green tea's popularity has grown so much in the bodybuilding community.
But before you start guzzling it by the bucketful take this into consideration - it appears that getting your green tea in the form of a nutritional supplement has advantages over drinking the tea. A study also published in an issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that the absorption of polyphenols was enhanced when they were given to healthy individuals as a green tea extract supplement in capsule form. So, for those who don't like drinking tea or don't want the hassle of drinking a whole truckload a day, a supplement with green tea extract in its formula would be a better way to get all the incredible benefits that green tea has to offer. Alright, for those of you who like to get right to the point, here's a quick recap on the power of green tea: Combined With Other Supplements. But why stop there? Why not pair green tea extract with other supportive components and get the best fat- burning results possible? There's clear- cut scientific reason to believe that combining green tea extract with components like yohimbe can support overall fat burning! Even more specifically, the yohimbe compound chemically known as methyl 1. It appears that getting your green tea in the form of a nutritional supplement has advantages over drinking the tea. This ultra- potent compound works to block the alpha receptors on the fat cell, a biological signaling process that can increase thermogenic potential! These receptors actually inhibit the fat- burning process and you definitely don't want that. You want to make sure that when you're taking green tea, nothing is standing in your way of getting completely diced. Conclusion. The bottom line here is that whether you like it or not, green tea works and should be in every bodybuilder's supplement arsenal. It's definitely tea time! References. Nagao, T., et al. Am J Clin Nutr 8. Dulloo, A., et al. Am J Clin Nutr 7. Berube- Parent, S., et al. Br J Nutr 9. 4(3): 4. Henning, S., et al. Am J Clin Nutr 8. Mc. Carty, M., (2. Med Hypotheses 5. List of Foods for the Dukan Diet Attack Phase. The Dukan diet instructs followers to base their meals on high- protein, low- carbohydrate foods. While dieters are allowed some high- carbohydrate foods by the plan's final phase, the first phase, known as the Attack phase, is highly restrictive. Pierre Dukan, the Dukan diet creator, claims that following the Attack phase guidelines can help you lose up to 7 pounds in five days. However, the health experts who reviewed the diet for . News & World Report. Don't begin the Dukan diet before talking to your doctor. Low fat ham. Photo Credit Michael Gray/i. Stock/Getty Images. During the Dukan diet's Attack phase, you may consume unlimited amounts of poultry, fish, shellfish and lean cuts of beef. This includes extra- lean types of processed or cured meats such as ham, bacon and sausage; low- fat deli meats; buffalo; rabbit; venison; veal; ostrich and organ meats such as chicken liver or beef kidneys. The diet rules say to avoid eating poultry skin, and to choose cooking methods with no added fat, such as roasting or grilling. Veggie burger. Photo Credit draganadutina/i. Stock/Getty Images. Are there 68 or 72 Pure Protein Foods on the Dukan Diet?For variety, Dukan diet Attack phase followers can include some plant- based protein sources in their daily meals, such as tempeh, seitan, tofu or commercial soy products such as veggie burgers. The Harvard School of Public Health advises limiting your consumption of soy to no more than four servings a week. Certain products, which are prepared from a soy- free protein derived from fungi, are also allowed on the plan. Eggs are permitted. Photo Credit indigolotos/i. Stock/Getty Images. You're allowed to eat plenty of dairy products during the Attack phase as long as they are nonfat. Fat- free brands of cream cheese, milk, Greek yogurt, cottage cheese and ricotta cheese can all be included in your meals, though hard cheeses such as cheddar are not permitted. Quail, duck and chicken eggs are also considered Attack phase foods. There is no limit to the number of egg whites you can have daily, though the National Institutes of Health says you should have no more than four whole eggs per week, fewer if you have high cholesterol. Salt and pepper. Photo Credit Kuzmik. You can also use condiments such as mustard, vinegar and soy sauce as long as they do not contain any added fat or carbohydrates. You can use sugar- free gelatin. Dieters are instructed to avoid cooking fats, including all types of oils, butter and margarine. Oat bran. Photo Credit gmevi/i. Stock/Getty Images. To keep your digestive system healthy during the Attack phase, Dukan says dieters should consume 1 1/2 tablespoons of oat bran each day and drink plenty of calorie- free liquids. Water, coffee, diet soda and all types of tea are allowed. Artificial sweeteners can be added to your coffee or tea, but any form of sugar is forbidden. On the Dukan Diet, dieters may lose up to 10 pounds in just one week by filling their menus largely with high-protein foods and avoiding carbs. Attack Phase Home » Dieting » Attack Phase. Every plan has to start somewhere, and the Dukan Diet kicks off with the Attack Phase. It lasts 5-10 days depending on. The Dukan Diet Attack phase is the first step towards a healthy body. It consists of a high protein diet and results in a major weight loss. Find out how the attack. While dieters are allowed some high-carbohydrate foods by. During the . Dukan Attack Phase – What can I eat? Where We Have Been; Where We Can Go. Energy. and the Human Journey: Where We Have Been; Where We Can Go. By Wade Frazier. Version 1. May 2. 01. 5. Professor and Brian, two great men whom. Buckminster. Fuller. I realize that almost nobody on Earth today can pass the. I do not ask. that of anybody whom I will attempt to recruit into my upcoming effort. Below is a diagram of. Quick Tips to Get Started on The Wild Diet. Here’s how to get started now on The Wild Diet. Eat as many green and colorful veggies as you’d like – they should. From ancient times the people of Mother Earth have sought visions and messages from the Great Spirit. In the beginning, the Creator communicated with us through our. Thousands of years ago, indigenous people living in the California Channel Islands relied on a manufacturing process that exposed them to dangerous chemicals that. Buckminster Fuller. For that simplest element, hydrogen, its lone electron has an affinity to pair. First large- scale energy users. Deep oceans oxygenatedc. Creates conditions for complex life to appear, first in the global. Cambrian Explosion beginsc. First complex ecosystems appear. Teeth appearc. 5. Concentrated application of muscle energy. Reef ecosystems. appearc. The most complex aquatic ecosystem appears. Land plants appearc. Energetic basis for land- based ecosystems appears. Land animals appearc. Ability to create non- aquatic ecosystems. Jaws appearc. 4. 20 mya. Greatest energy manipulation enhancement among vertebrates until the. Vascular plants appearc. Ability to create vertical ecosystems. Trees appearc. 3. Largest organisms ever, and greatest energy storage and delivery to. Fish migrate to. landc. Precursor to dominant land animals. Seed- reproducing plants appearc. Ability to colonize dry lands. Amniotes appearc. Ability to survive in dry lands. Lignin- digesting organism appearsc. Ability to make tree- stored energy available to ecosystems. Dinosaurs appearc. Among the first terrestrial animals with upright posture, enabling. Tools first usedc. Confers energy advantage to tool user. Flowering plants appearc. Great energy innovation to reduce reproductive costs, and animals are. The control of firec. Allows protohumans to leave trees, become. Earth's dominant predator, alter. Projectile weapons inventedc. Allows for first low- energy transportation, and ability to travel to. Widespread domestication of plants and animalsc. Provides the local and stable energy supply that allowed for sedentary. First metal smeltedc. Allows for tools highly improved over stone, for greater energy effectiveness. Plow inventedc. 7 kya. Allows for greatly increased energy yields from agriculture. First sailboat inventedc. First technology to take advantage of non- biological energy. Wheel inventedc. 5. Reduces energy use for ground- based transportation. Coal first burnedc. First use of non- biomass for chemical energy. Iron first smeltedc. Great Plains Rat Snake Diets For High BloodAllows for vastly improved tools. Coal used to smelt metalc. First use of non- biomass to smelt metal. Watermill inventedc. First time the energy of the hydrological cycle is harnessed for use. Windmill inventedc. First time wind is harnessed for use on land. Steam engine inventedc. First time the motive power of fire is harnessed. Europe learns to sail across the world's oceans. The years 1. 42. 0 . New way to use energy would revolutionize civilization. First commercial oil well drilled. The most coveted fuel of the Industrial Revolution is first used. Incandescent lighting first commercializedc. First commercial use of electricity. No land masses yet. Earth, Moon, and oceans form. Maps begin to be made with confidence at about 7. Earth. 8. 50 to 6. Late Cryogenian Map. Supercontinent. Rodinia breaks up. Mid- Ediacaran Map. Deep ocean is oxygenated. Late Cambrian Map. Continents primarily in Southern Hemisphere. Late Ordovician. Map. Paleo- Tethys Ocean begins forming. Mollusks proliferate and. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are so named because they live underground in burrows that have been dug out by small mammals like ground squirrels and prairie dogs. Port Manteaux churns out silly new words when you feed it an idea or two. Enter a word (or two) above and you'll get back a bunch of portmanteaux created by jamming. Both male and female kangaroos eat the same kinds of plants. When it comes to baby kangaroos, however, there's a different answer to the question, what do kangaroos eat? Mid- Silurian Map. Hot, shallow seas dominate biomes. Late Devonian Map. Continents closing to form Pangaea, ice age begins at end of Devonian. Fishes thrive. 3. Early Carboniferous Map. End- Carboniferous. Map. Atmospheric oxygen levels highest ever, likely due to carbon sequestration. Late Permian Map. Tethys Ocean forms. Mid- Triassic Map. Pangaea begins to break up. Early Jurassic Map. Mid- Jurassic Map. Late Jurassic Map. Northern continents split from southern continents. Mid- Cretaceous Map. End- Cretaceous Map. Sea levels dramatically rise. Paleocene Climate Map. Greenhouse Earth conditions still prevail. Mid- Eocene Map. Late Eocene Map. Warmest epoch in hundreds of millions of years, but began cooling midway. Icehouse Earth conditions. Oligocene Climate Map. Cool epoch, as Antarctic ice sheets form. Mid- Miocene Map. First half of epoch is warm, then cools down. Would appear nearly identical to today. Early Pleistocene. Map. Late- Pleistocene Map. Current ice age begins. Mammals already cold- adapted, and relatively few extinctions, until. By the 2. 1st century. Sixth Mass Extinction in the eon of complex. When a star becomes a supernova, those heavy elements are sprayed into the. When life first appeared, it was single- celled and simple. Ediacaran fossils have been found in a few. Readers for the collective task that I have in mind need to become familiar. FE and other fringe. Unknown, but almost all Ediacaran forms disappeared. Anoxia Cambrian Explosion Mid- Cambrianc. Unknown, but small shelly fauna largely disappear. Anoxia. End of Golden Age of Trilobites. Unknown, but half of trilobite species go extinct. Temperature and sea level changes and anoxia. Ecosystem functioning not fundamentally altered. Climate and sea level changes. Seafloor communities devastated. Climate change, sea level changes, and anoxia. Seafloor communities devastated. Climate change, sea level changes, and anoxia. Late Devonian c. Series of extinctions. Marine extinction. Sea level changes related to ice age and continental uplift related. Pangaea. 3. 07 mya. Rainforest collapse. Ice age. The rise of reptiles. Permian. 2. 70 to 2. Series of extinctions. Ammonoid and conodont mass extinction. Volcanism, warming, sea level changes, and anoxia. The dominance of dinosaurs. Reefs and ammonites devastated. Volcanism, anoxia. Carbonate hardgrounds become common in calcite. Reef collapse, bivalves had about a 2. Falling sea levels. Cretaceous period rise of ornithischians. Marine event. 9. 3 mya. Marine event which may have marked the final extinction of ichthyosaurs. Bolide impact, and perhaps also volcanism and sea level changes. The end of dinosaurs and the rise of mammals. Seafloor communities devastated, up to 5. Volcanism, release of methane hydrates from. Warm- climate species migrate or go extinct. Half of European mammal genera, all. Migration of Asian mammals to Europe, Icehouse. Earth conditions in oceans. Relatively cold Oligocene Epoch begins. Warm- climate species migrate or go extinct. North American bivalve species, Florida. The majority of mammalian species. May reach 5. 0% or higher by 2. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map with names is here)Chapter summary: Until Ediacaran fossils were recognized for what they were, the Cambrian Period (c. Darwin onward. An irony of fossilization is that conditions hostile to life usually left the best- preserved. Around 5. 30 mya, the first brachiopods, reef- building animals, and. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map with names is here)Chapter summary: With the extinction that ended the Cambrian Period, animal life. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map with names is here)World map at end of Carboniferous Period (c. Source. Wikimedia Commons) (map with names is here)World map in late Permian Period (c. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map. Chapter summary: The period succeeding the Devonian is called the. Carboniferous (c. Artists have been depicting Carboniferous swamps for more than a century, and. In the oceans, the Carboniferous is called the Golden Age. Sharks, and ray- finned fish arose to a ubiquity that they have yet to fully. In the early Carboniferous, the continents were still somewhat dispersed. Pangaea. 2. 99 to 2. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map with names is here)World map in mid- Cretaceous (c. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map. Chapter summary: The period following the greatest extinction event ever is called the Triassic (c. Cretaceous (c. 1. Golden Age of Dinosaurs. In the late Jurassic, as ornithischians began to become. Cretaceous extinction: birds. In the late Jurassic, armored stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. Cretaceous, which reached its peak with Triceratops in the late. Cretaceous. 1. 45 to 6. It is probably safe to say that if the end- Cretaceous extinction had multiple. Source: Wikimedia Commons) (map with names is here)World map in early- Miocene (c. Source: Wikimedia Commons). Chapter summary: As smoke cleared and dust settled, literally, from the. Compared to the recovery from the mass extinctions that ended the Devonian. Permian, and Triassic. Cretaceous extinction was relatively swift. Among herbivores, their mode of digestion was important. PETM, is also known as. Earth. For several million years, life in the Eocene was halcyonic. Greenhouse. Earth state had prevailed ever since the end- Permian. In recent years, Neogene temperatures have been. Megalodon was not far behind. Buckminster. Fuller's pupils remarked that my work was like Fuller's, and. I had been groping. Public is only interested in FE technology to the extent. Unicellular organisms. First multicellular organism. Was probably sponge- like. Motile animals. Flatworm. First animal with a brain. Worms. Acorn worm. Early animals with breathing and circulatory systems. Fish- like ancestors to vertebrates. Pikaia. First animal with a spinal cord. Eel- like fish. Ostracoderm. First true fish. 5. Jawless fish. Placoderm. First fish with jaws. Cartilaginous fish. Guiyu oneiros. First bony fish. Bony fish. Coelacanth. First fish with lobed fins, which later became legs. Lobe- finned fish. Panderichthys. First fish that begins developing legs. Leggy fish. Tiktaalik. First fish to crawl on land. Crawling fish. Ichthyostega. First fish to walk on land. Tetrapods. Acanthostega. First amphibian. c. Amphibians. Hylonomus. First reptile. 3. Reptiles. Archaeothyris. First synapsid. c. Synapsids. Sphenacodonts (AKA pelycosaurs)Lost its scales, and teeth begin to become specialized. Pelycosaurs. Raranimus. First therapsid. 2. Therapsids. Theriodonts. May have been warm- blooded. Theriodonts. Cynodonts. Jaws changed, freeing up bones to eventually form. Cynodonts. Tritheledontids. More mammalian traits than reptilian. Tritheledontids. Mammaliaformes. |
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